Pillar II aims to boost key technologies and solutions that underpin EU policies & Sustainable Development.

Applications to Pillar II are submitted in response to calls for proposals under six thematic clusters and five missions. Progress on each cluster is intended to contribute to tackling societal issues and strengthening Europe's economic competitiveness. The clusters are:
- Health
- Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society
- Civil Security for Society
- Digital, Industry and Space
- Climate, Energy and Mobility
- Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment
The five missions are: